土壤盐分与灌溉水质对滴灌棉花出苗率的影响

试验研究了灌溉水质与土壤初始含盐率对滴灌棉花出苗率的影响.试验结果表明,土壤不舍盐时,灌溉水质d对内行棉花出苗率影响不显著,对外行棉花出苗率影响显著;自来水处理的内行与外行棉花出苗率均大于微成水处理;在4种微咸水中,EC小的水质对应的出苗率高,EC值相同时,SAR值小的内行出苗率高,SAR值大的外行出苗率高.当土壤舍盐...     

滴灌条件下积盐范围内混种耐盐草及盐分变化趋势的研究

以pH=7.9的水作为灌溉水源,土壤含水率、土壤密度及滴头流量不同的条件下,对土壤湿润体的变化过程进行试验,确定湿润峰及积盐范围,在积盐范围内混种盐角草和猪毛菜。测定土壤酸碱度及易溶盐离子总量的减少量,并积盐范围内混种的盐角草和猪毛菜与普通土壤中栽培的盐角草和猪毛菜的盐含量进行对比。结果表明,盐角草吸走部分Na＋、Cl...     

盐胁迫对离体百合不定芽诱导及生理活性的影响

采用组织培养法研究了5种NaCl浓度0％,0.3％,0.5％,0.8％,1.2％对百合不定芽诱导、生长及丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸、蛋白质含量和过氧化物酶活性的影响.结果表明:百合对盐胁迫极为敏感,随NaCl浓度的增加,百合不定芽形成频率逐渐降低,不定芽及不定根生长缓慢,且在1.2％NaCl浓度下,无不定芽及根的形成.进...     

秸秆覆盖对盐渍化土壤水盐动态的影响

研究了不同秸秆覆盖量下盐渍化土壤蒸发量、不同生育期各土层的含水率及含盐量的动态变化规律.结果表明:秸秆覆盖后,盐渍化土壤蒸发量比对照低,随着秸秆覆盖量的增加,蒸发量逐渐减少,当秸秆覆盖量为0.75 kg/m2(C2)时,日蒸发量减少幅度平缓,趋于稳定.与对照相比,秸秆覆盖量为1.05 kg/m2(C1),0.75 kg...     

土壤盐分离子对浸提液电导率的敏感性分析建模

为了研究土壤盐分离子对浸提液电导率的敏感性,首先采用灰色关联分析法对影响土壤浸提液电导率的盐分离子进行初步分析,之后采用缺省因子法与主成分分析法进一步分析检验.结果表明:Cl-、Na+这两种离子对土壤浸提液电导率的变化最为敏感;灰色关联分析法所得结果与基于缺省因子法的主成分分析模型结果基本一致;影响土壤浸提液电导率的7...     

NaCI胁迫对塔里木河下游罗布麻抗性酶的影响

研究了不同盐浓度胁迫下罗布麻种子的抗性酶活性及含量.罗布麻种子萌发采用盐溶液水培方法,设0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6mol/L8个盐梯度.分析罗布麻丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和游离脯氨酸(Pro)三种酶的含量和活性随盐浓度的变化趋势.得出结论:MDA含量和SOD活性变化趋...     

Microbial and Enzyme Activities of Saline and Sodic Soils

Salinization and sodication are abiotic soil factors, important hazards to soil fertility and consequently affect the crop production. Soil salinization is of great concern for irrigated agriculture in arid and semi‐arid regions of the world; sodicity is characterized by an excessively high concentration of sodium (Na) in their cation exchange system. In recent times, attention has been turned to study the impacts of these factors (salinity and sodicity) on soil microbial activities. Microbial activities play central role in degradation and decomposition of soil organic matter, mineralization of nutrients and stabilization of soil aggregates. To understand the ecology of soil system, therefore, it is important to be conversant with the soil microbial activities, which show quick response to little change in the soil environment. Microbial activities (generally measured as C–N dynamics, soil respiration–basal respiration, or CO₂ emission), microbial abundance, microbial biomass, quotients (microbial and metabolic) and microbial community structure, and soil enzymes have been considered as potential indicators to assess the severity of the land degradation and the effectiveness of land use management. Therefore, it is important to synthesize the available information regarding microbial activities in use and management of salt‐affected soils. The reclamation and management of such soils and their physico‐chemical properties have been reviewed well in the literature. In this review, an attempt has been made to compile the current knowledge about the effects of soil salinization and sodication on microbial and enzyme activities and identify research gaps for future research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

吉林省西部不同土壤种类文冠果栽培试验初报

以内蒙古翁牛特旗种源的文冠果为材料,在吉林省西部前郭县和长岭县的不同土壤条件下进行引种栽培试验.初步研究结果表明:风沙土、栗钙土是最适宜栽培和发展文冠果的土壤种类,含盐量小于0.2%的轻度盐碱地亦可以栽植;含盐量大于0.2%的土壤应谨慎选用,中、重度盐碱土不能栽种文冠果.     

大量分离松材线虫幼虫及获得无菌幼虫的方法

利用松材线虫成虫和幼虫在比重和运动性方面的差异,通过在0.3%羧甲基纤维素钠盐溶液中沉降而得到分离。并在4℃条件下用3%H2O2处理松材线虫幼虫60 min而得到无菌幼虫。     

盐胁迫对杂交酸模种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

对鲁梅克斯Rumex patientia × R. tianschanicus cv. Rumex和杂交酸模97-1种子在氯化钠、硫酸镁、氯化钙3种盐不同浓度溶液处理下的种子萌发进行研究,观察其发芽率.结果表明,随盐处理浓度增高,发芽率一般呈下降趋势,但也有例外;不同浓度的盐胁迫下种子的适应情况不同;同一种子在萌发时对不同盐的适应情况也不同.通过对叶簇期耐盐能力进行研究,按照抗逆半衰减定义,该植物属中等耐盐品种.